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Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727) was, as considered by others within his own lifetime, an insightful and erudite theologian.〔Isaac Newton on Science and Religion - William H. Austin - Journal of the History of Ideas Vol. 31, No. 4 (October - Dececember 1970), pp. 521-542 (article consists of 22 pages) (University of Pennsylvania Press ) Retrieved 28 January 2012〕〔(& LATIN ) (【引用サイトリンク】 title =The Newton Project ''Newton's Views on the Corruptions of Scripture and the Church'' )〕〔(Professor Rob Iliffe ) (AHRC Newton Papers Project) THE NEWTON PROJECT - ''Newton's Religious Writings'' (& LATIN ) 〕 He wrote many works that would now be classified as occult studies and religious tracts dealing with the literal interpretation of the Bible. Newton's conception of the physical world provided a stable model of the natural world that would reinforce stability and harmony in the civic world. Newton saw a monotheistic God as the masterful creator whose existence could not be denied in the face of the grandeur of all creation.〔Principia, Book III; cited in; Newton's Philosophy of Nature: Selections from his writings, p. 42, ed. H.S. Thayer, Hafner Library of Classics, NY, 1953.〕〔A Short Scheme of the True Religion, manuscript quoted in Memoirs of the Life, Writings and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton by Sir David Brewster, Edinburgh, 1850; cited in; ibid, p. 65.〕 Although born into an Anglican family, by his thirties Newton held a Christian faith that, had it been made public, would not have been considered orthodox by mainstream Christianity;〔Richard S. Westfall - Indiana University 〕 in recent times he has been described as a heretic. ==Christian orthodoxy== Newton was born into an Anglican family three months after the death of his father, a prosperous farmer also named Isaac Newton. When Newton was three, his mother married the rector of the neighbouring parish of North Witham and went to live with her new husband, the Reverend Barnabus Smith, leaving her son in the care of his maternal grandmother, Margery Ayscough.〔, (Extract of page 32 ) Retrieved 21 February 2012〕 Isaac apparently hated Smith, and had no relations with him during his childhood.〔 His maternal uncle, the rector serving the parish of Burton Coggles,〔C. D. Broad 1952 - Ethics and the history of philosophy: selected essays, Volume 1 (Routledge, 30 November 2000 ) ISBN 0-415-22530-2 Retrieved 8 February 2012〕 was involved in some part in the care of Isaac. During 1667 Newton was a Fellow at Cambridge,〔Cambridge University (Alumni Database ) Retrieved 29 January 2012〕 making necessary the commitment to taking Holy Orders within seven years of completion of his studies. Prior to commencing studies he was required to take a vow of celibacy and recognize the Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England.〔Professor Rob Iliffe (AHRC Newton Papers Project) THE NEWTON PROJECT 〕 Newton considered ceasing his studies prior to completion in order to avoid the ordination made necessary by law of King Charles II for all graduates.〔Cambridge University Library 〕〔 He later capitulated to his desire for exemption from the binding of the statute, in some way assisted in this by the efforts of Isaac Barrow, when in 1676 the then State Secretary Joseph Williamson changed the relevant statute of Trinity College to provide dispensation from this duty.〔 Having foregone these duties, he embarked on an investigative study of the early history of the Church, during the 1680s succeeding into inquiries of the origins of religion instead, at about the same time as having developed a scientific view on motion and matter.〔 Of ''Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica'' he stated:〔S.D.Snobelen (University of King's College) - ''To Discourse of God : Isaac Newton's Heterdox Theology and Natural Philosophy'' (Nova Scotia ) Retrieved 29 January 2012〕 Newton's religious views developed as a result of participation in an investigative discourse with Nature (the nature of the world) and developed from the apparent dichotomy of biblical reality from the increasing revealing of the structure of reality from investigation, and the subsequent challenges these truths of nature posed toward established religion for Newton, especially in light of Christian scriptural belief.〔Matt Goldish 1998 - ''Judaism in the theology of Sir Isaac Newton'' - 239 pages ''Volume 157 of Archives internationales d'histoire des idées'' (Springer, 1998 ) Retrieved 28 January 2012 ISBN 0-7923-4996-2〕〔Christianity Today International - (archives ) Retrieved 28 January 2012〕 Unorthodoxy was made necessary for Newton, and those affiliated with him, by the need for rediscovery of a ''prisca'' truth that had been hidden somewhere in the time of classical history.〔David Boyd Haycock 2004 - 'The long lost truth' Sir Isaac Newton and the Newtonian pursuit of long lost knowledge (Elsevier 2004 ) Retrieved 29 January 2012〕 By this they might have the capacity to engage in open dialogue with an investigation into Nature. In this conflict of ecclesiastical order and the liberating effects of scientific enquiry, he and others turned to the ''prisca'' in all the security of a classical civilization having been supposedly founded on ''bona fide'' insights.〔Alfred Rupert Hall - ( Isaac Newton Centre for Mathematical Sciences ) Retrieved 29 January 2012〕 So, for them, the truth lay within the perception of reality attained by Pythagoras and communicated, supposedly in a secret way, to a specific circle of people.〔Hilary Gatti - Giordano Bruno and Renaissance science - 257 pages Cornell University Press, 2002 ((Google ebook) ) & Niccolò Guicciardini ''Reading the Principia: The Debate on Newton's Mathematical Methods for Natural Philosophy from 1687 to 1736'' - 292 pages Cambridge University Press, 30 October 2003 ((Google ebook) ) Retrieved 29 January 2012〕 As is found among some of the established intellectuals of the Renaissance age, Newton believed that ancient philosophers and religious persons had gained insight into the truth of the nature of the world and universe, but this truth having become hidden within the language of the recording of the truth at the time and by later medieval scholars (Albertus Magnus, Arnold of Villanova and Roger Bacon) that required deciphering in order to be understood. The belief in the wisdom of the ancients, that thinking was intelligent and knowing in the civilization of classical religious figures (Jesus of Nazareth, the prophet Isaiah and Solomon) and writers (Plato and Democritus) is known as ''prisca sapientia''.〔 Like many contemporaries (e.g., Thomas Aikenhead) he lived with the threat of severe punishment if he had been open about his religious beliefs. Heresy was a crime that could have been punishable by the loss of all property and status or even death (see, e.g., the Blasphemy Act 1697). Because of his secrecy over his religious beliefs, Newton has been described as a Nicodemite.〔 According to most scholars, Newton was Arian, not holding to Trinitarianism.〔〔〔Richard Westfall, '' Never at Rest: A Biography of Isaac Newton,'' (1980) pp. 103, 25.〕 'In Newton's eyes, worshipping Christ as God was idolatry, to him the fundamental sin'. As well as being antitrinitarian, Newton allegedly rejected the orthodox doctrines of the immortal soul,〔 a personal devil and literal demons.〔 Although he was not a Socinian he shared many similar beliefs with them.〔 A manuscript he sent to John Locke in which he disputed the existence of the Trinity was never published. In a minority view, T.C. Pfizenmaier argued Newton was neither "orthodox" nor an Arian,〔Pfizenmaier, T.C, "The Trinitarian Theology of Dr. Samuel Clarke" (1675–1729)〕 but that, rather, Newton believed both of these groups had wandered into metaphysical speculation.〔Pfizenmaier, T.C., "Was Isaac Newton an Arian?" Journal of the History of Ideas 68(1):57–80, 1997.〕 Pfizenmaier also argued that Newton held closer to the Eastern Orthodox view of the Trinity rather than the Western one held by Roman Catholics and Protestants.〔 However, S. D. Snobelen has argued against this from manuscripts produced late in Newton's life which demonstrate Newton rejected the Eastern view of the Trinity.〔 Newton refused ''viaticum'' before his death.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Religious views of Isaac Newton」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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